Accueil /Évolution spontanée et thermodynamique

Message d'erreur

  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementBase::execute($args = [], $options = []) should either be compatible with PDOStatement::execute(?array $params = null): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2244 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseCondition::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 1652 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $type declared before required parameter $key is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 1389 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::__wakeup() should either be compatible with DateTime::__wakeup(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/laurentp/www/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::format($format, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::format(string $format): string, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/laurentp/www/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::setTimezone($tz, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::setTimezone(DateTimeZone $timezone): DateTime, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/laurentp/www/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $input declared before required parameter $form_state is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 1389 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function : strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated dans drupal_random_bytes() (ligne 2268 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : rtrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated dans url() (ligne 2349 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property PDOException::$query_string is deprecated dans DatabaseConnection->query() (ligne 770 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property PDOException::$args is deprecated dans DatabaseConnection->query() (ligne 772 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated dans url_is_external() (ligne 2393 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function : str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated dans url_is_external() (ligne 2395 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function : ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated dans url() (ligne 2311 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans SelectQuery->addTag() (ligne 978 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans DatabaseCondition->compile() (ligne 1865 dans /home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc).

Évolution spontanée et thermodynamique

Soumis par Laurent Petit cours le lun, 12/11/2012 - 10:14

L'évolution spontanée d'une réaction chimique ou d'un phénomène physique dans un système isolé se déroule dans le sens:

ΔS>0 et, si T la température et P la pression sont constantes ΔG<0

où S est l'entropie et G l'enthalpie libre

Convention du signe de l'énergie: une énergie apportée au système est comptée positivement celle qui s'échappe du système est comptée négativement. Cette convention est la même que celle du compte bancaire d'un particulier. L'argent apporté au compte bancaire est compté positivement celui qui sort du compte est compté négativement.

Uncaught exception thrown in session handler.

PDOException: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1142 INSERT command denied to user &#039;laurentpabcm&#039;@&#039;10.2.20.150&#039; for table &#039;drupclonesessions&#039;: INSERT INTO {sessions} (sid, ssid, uid, cache, hostname, session, timestamp) VALUES (:db_insert_placeholder_0, :db_insert_placeholder_1, :db_insert_placeholder_2, :db_insert_placeholder_3, :db_insert_placeholder_4, :db_insert_placeholder_5, :db_insert_placeholder_6); Array ( [:db_insert_placeholder_0] =&gt; XxwVBpYPvoW2shHc7DFGcKbc8RAzOxEYQLATr1s4Owk [:db_insert_placeholder_1] =&gt; XxwVBpYPvoW2shHc7DFGcKbc8RAzOxEYQLATr1s4Owk [:db_insert_placeholder_2] =&gt; 0 [:db_insert_placeholder_3] =&gt; 0 [:db_insert_placeholder_4] =&gt; 3.147.56.162 [:db_insert_placeholder_5] =&gt; messages|a:1:{s:5:&quot;error&quot;;a:6:{i:0;s:300:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;SelectQuery-&amp;gt;addTag()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;978&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;i:1;s:317:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;DatabaseCondition-&amp;gt;compile()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;1865&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;i:2;s:317:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;DatabaseCondition-&amp;gt;compile()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;1865&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;i:3;s:300:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;SelectQuery-&amp;gt;addTag()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;978&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/select.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;i:4;s:317:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;DatabaseCondition-&amp;gt;compile()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;1865&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;i:5;s:317:&quot;&lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;Deprecated function&lt;/em&gt; : Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;DatabaseCondition-&amp;gt;compile()&lt;/em&gt; (ligne &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;1865&lt;/em&gt; dans &lt;em class=&quot;placeholder&quot;&gt;/home/laurentp/www/includes/database/query.inc&lt;/em&gt;).&quot;;}} [:db_insert_placeholder_6] =&gt; 1729556076 ) in _drupal_session_write() (line 209 of /home/laurentp/www/includes/session.inc).